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Contributors Frank Birinyi, MD, FACEP Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine The Ohio State University Attending Physician Mount Carmel Medical Center Mount Carmel East Hospital Columbus, Ohio Chapter 2 Diane M. Birnbaumer, MD, FACEP Associate Residency Director Department of Emergency Medicine Harbor - UCLA Medical Center Torrence, California Chapters 9, 21 Jeffrey D. Bondesson, MD Attending Physician Kaiser Permanente Medical Center San Diego, California Chapter 8 Robert G. Buckley, MD, FACEP, CDR, MC, USNR Program Director Emergency Medicine Residency Naval Medical Center San Diego, California Chapter 10 Carey D. Chisholm, MD, FACEP Emergency Medicine Residency Director Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Methodist-Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana Chapter 4 Shane Cline, MD Resident Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Chapter 20 Sean P. Collins, MD University of Cincinnati Department of Emergency Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 13 Stephen Corbett, MD Loma Linda University Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Loma Linda, California Chapter 7 David Effron, MD, FACEP Department of Emergency Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 3 Lynn K. Flowers, MD, LCDR, MC, USNR EMS Fellow Charlotte Medical Center Charlotte, North Carolina Chapter 9 Beverly C. Forcier, MD Department of Emergency Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 3 Javier A. Gonzalez Del Rey, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 14 Deborah Gutman, MD Department of Emergency Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Chapter 11 Edward C. Jauch, MD, MS Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Chapters 5, 6 Timothy Kaufman, MD Resident Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 5 Kevin J. Knoop, MD, MS, FACEP, CAPT, MC, USN Program Director Emergency Medicine Residency Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Chapters 4, 5, 7, 10 Michael Krentz, MD, CAPT, MC, USN Chairman, Emergency Medicine Department Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Chapter 20 Michael J. Lambert, MD, RDMS Fellowship Director, Emergency Ultrasound Resurrection Medical Center Chicago, Illinois President, Windy City Ultrasound, Inc. Darien, Illinois Chapter 19 Thomas F. Mauger, MD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Department of Ophthalmology William H. Havener Eye Center The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Chapter 2 Timothy D. McGuirk, DO, FACEP, CAPT, MC, USN Head, CIRD Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Chapter 1 David W. Munter, MD, FACEP, CAPT, MC, USN Director, Medical Services Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Chapter 1 Theodore J. Nielsen, RT, RDMS Vice President, Windy City Ultrasound, Inc. Darien, Illinois Chapter 19 Dallas E. Peak, MD Attending Physician Department of Emergency Medicine Methodist-Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana Chapter 4 Richard M. Ruddy, MD, FAAP Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Director, Division of Emergency Medicine Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 14 Daniel L. Savitt, MD Attending Physician and Residency Director Department of Emergency Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Assistant Professor of Medicine Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Chapters 11, 12 Charles J. Schubert, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 15 Robert A. Shapiro, MD Medical Director, Mayerson Center for Safe & Healthy Children Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 15 Paul R. Sierzenski, MD, RDMS, FAAEM Director, Emergency Medicine Ultrasound Department of Emergency Medicine Christiana Care Health System Newark, Delaware President, Emergency Ultrasound Consultants, LLC, Bear, Delaware Chapter 19 William S. Smock, MD Associate Professor and Director Clinical Forensic Medicine Fellowship Department of Emergency Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, Kentucky Chapter 17 Lawrence B. Stack, MD, FACEP Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee Chapters 7, 17 Alan B. Storrow, MD Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Director University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Chapters 11, 16 Selim Suner, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Surgery (Emergency Medicine) Brown University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Chapter 12 Matthew D. Sztajnkrycer, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 18 R. Jason Thurman, MD Emergency Medicine Resident University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 16 Alexander T. Trott, MD Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Chapter 18 Edwin D. Turner, MD Attending Physician Maplewood, Minnesota Chapter 6 Richard E. Wyszynski, MD Department of Emergency Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio Chapter 3 Ken Zafren, MD, FACEP Providence Alaska Medical Center - Anchorage, Alaska Clinical Assistant Professor - Division of Emergency Medicine Stanford University Medical Center Stanford, California Medical Director, Denali National Park Mountaineering Rangers and Lake Clark National Park, Alaska Associate Medical Director (USA), Himalayan Rescue Association Chapter 16 Photography Credits Burt T. Ackerman, DO Columbus, Georgia American Academy of Ophthalmology San Francisco, California Pamela Ambroz, MD, LT, MC, USNR Resident Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Naval Medical Center San Diego, California American Academy of Pediatrics Elk Grove Village, Illinois American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Arlington Heights, Illinois Edward S. Amrhein, DDS, CAPT, DC, USN Head, Dental Department Director, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Bethesda, Maryland Paul S. Auerbach, MD, MS, FACEP Chief Operating Officer Sterling Health Care Group Coral Gables, Florida Formerly, Professor and Chief Division of Emergency Medicine Department of Surgery Stanford University Medical Center Stanford, California Matthew Backer Jr., MD, RADM, MC, USNR (RET) Attending Physician Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Naval Medical Center San Diego, California John D. Baker, MD Chief of Ophthalmology Children's Hospital of Michigan Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, Michigan Raymond C. Baker, MD Professor of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Pediatrician, Division of Pediatrics Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio William S. Ball Jr., MD Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics Chief, Section Neuroradiology and Staff Radiologist Medical Director Imaging Research Center Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio William Barsan, MD Professor and Chair Department of Emergency Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Keith F. Batts, MD Department Head Emergency Medicine Department Naval Hospital Bremerton, Washington Judith C. Bausher, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Bill Beck, CRA Clinic Photographer, Florida Eye Clinic Altamonte Springs, Florida Frank Birinyi, MD, FACEP Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine The Ohio State University Attending Physician Mount Carmel Medical Center Mount Carmel East Hospital Columbus, Ohio Diane M. Birnbaumer, MD, FACEP Associate Residency Director Department of Emergency Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance, California Jeffery D. Bondesson, MD Attending Physician Kaiser Permanente Medical Center San Diego, California John Boyle, MD, LT, MC, USNR Resident Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Naval Medical Center San Diego, California Alan S. Brody, MD Staff Radiologist Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Michael B. Brooks, MD Attending Physician Joint Military Medical Centers Emergency Medicine Residency Brooke Army Medical Center San Antonio, Texas Robert G. Buckley, MD, FACEP, CDR, MC, USNR Program Director Department of Emergency Medicine Naval Medical Center San Diego, California Sean P. Bush, MD, FACEP Staff Emergency Physician and Envenomation Consultant Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Loma Linda University Medical Center and School of Medicine Loma Linda, California William E. Cappaert, MD Department of Emergency Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center 2500 MetroHealth Drive Cleveland, Ohio Carey D. Chisholm, MD, FACEP Emergency Medicine Residency Director Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Methodist-Indiana University Indianapolis, Indiana Richard A. Chole, MD, PhD Lindburg Professor and Head Department of Otolaryngology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri Judy Christensen Medical Illustrator Graphics Division Staff Education and Training Naval Medical Center San Diego, California Richard A. Clinchy III, PhD, NREMT-P American College of Prehospital Medicine Ft. Walton Beach, Florida Shane Cline, MD Staff Physician Naval Hospital Jacksonville, Florida Sean P. Collins, MD Chief Resident Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Marco Copolla, DO, FACEP Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Research Directory Department of Emergency Medicine Scott and White Memorial Hospital Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center Temple, Texas Stephen Corbett, MD Department of Emergency Medicine Loma Linda University Medical Center Loma Linda, California Robin T. Cotton, MD Professor Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Barbara R. Craig, MD, CAPT, MC, USN Medical Consultant for Child Abuse and Neglect National Naval Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland Curatek Pharmaceuticals Elk Grove Village, Illinois Timothy Curtin, MD Department of Dermatology Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Department of Dermatology National Naval Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland Department of Dermatology Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Departments of Dermatology Collective Files Brooke Army Medical Center Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center San Antonio, Texas Department of Ophthalmology Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Department of Otolaryngology Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Herbert L. DuPont, MD Chief, Internal Medicine Service St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital Houston, Texas Lee E. Edstrom, MD Surgeon in Chief Division of Plastic Surgery Rhode Island Hospital Assistant Professor of Surgery Brown University Providence, Rhode Island David Effron, MD, FACEP Department of Emergency Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio Mark Eich, MD Staff Physician Naval Hospital Jacksonville, Florida Eric Einfalt, MD, LCDR, MC, USNR Staff Physician Emergency Medicine Department Naval Medical Center Jacksonville, Florida Edward M. Eitzen, Jr., MD, MPH Chief, Preventive Medicine Department US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, Maryland James P. Elrod, MD, PhD Staff Hemopathologist St. Thomas Hospital Nashville, Tennessee Kim Marie Feldhaus, MD Emergency Medical Services Denver General Hospital Denver, Colorado John Fildes, MD, FACS Attending Surgeon Division of Trauma Department of Surgery Cook County Hospital Chicago, Illinois Jeffrey Finkelstein, MD, FACEP Chief, Division of Acute Care Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine Wilford Hall Medical Center Attending Physician Joint Military Medical Centers Emergency Medicine Residency San Antonio, Texas Lynn K. Flowers, MD, LCDR, MC, USNR EMS Fellow Charlotte Medical Center Charlotte, North Carolina Beverly C. Forcier, MD Department of Emergency Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio Sara-Jo Gahm, MD Resident Department of Emergency Medicine Medical College of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Geisinger Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Danville, Pennsylvania W. Brian Gibler, MD Professor and Chair Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Jeffrey S. Gibson, MD, LCDR, MC, USNR Staff Physician Emergency Medicine Department Naval Medical Center Jacksonville, Florida Glaxo-Wellcome Pharmaceuticals Javier A. Gonzalez del Rey, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Ralph A. Gruppo, MD Professor of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Director, Hemophilia Treatment Center Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Deborah Gutman, MD Department of Emergency Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Peter Hackett, MD, FACEP St. Mary's Hospital Grand Junction, Colorado H. Hunter Handsfield, MD Professor of Medicine University of Washington Director, STD Control Program Seattle-King County Department of Public Health Seattle, Washington Briana Hill, MD Chairman Department of Dermatology Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Timothy Hinman, MD, CDR, MC, USN Head, Emergency Medicine Department Naval Hospital Okinawa, Japan Robert S. Hoffman, MD, FACEP Assistant Professor, Clinical Surgery and Emergency Medicine NYU School of Medicine Director, NYC Poison Control Center New York City, New York King K. Holmes, MD, PhD Director, University of Washington Center for AIDS and STD Professor of Medicine University of Washington Seattle, Washington Stephen Holt, MD San Antonio, Texas Robert B. Horton, DDS Professor of Clinical Surgery Assistant Chief Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Curtis Hunter, MD Chief, Emergency Medical Services General Leonard Wood Army Community Hospital Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri Liudvikas Jagminas, MD Attending Physician Department of Emergency Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Assistant Professor of Medicine Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Jennifer Jagoe, MD, LT, MC, USNR Resident Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Naval Medical Center San Diego, California Timothy Jahn, MD, LCDR, MC, USNR Attending Physician Department of Emergency Medicine Naval Hospital Great Lakes, Illinois Thea James, MD Department of Emergency Medicine Boston Medical Center Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Edward C. Jauch, MD, MS Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Ian Jones, MD Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Director of Emergency Department Operations Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee Arthur M. Kahn, MD, FACS Assistant Professor of Surgery UCLA School of Medicine Attending Surgeon Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California Lee Kaplan, MD Chief of Dermatology VA Medical Center, San Diego, California Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine and Dermatology University of California San Diego, California Margaret J. Karnes, DO Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center College Station, Texas Senior Staff Physician Department of Emergency Medicine Scott and White Memorial Hospital and Clinic Temple, Texas Timothy Kaufman, MD Resident Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Kenneth W. Kizer, MD Distinguished Professor of Military and Emergency Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland Former Undersecretary for Health Department of Veteran Affairs Washington, DC Kevin J. Knoop, MD, MS, FACEP, CAPT, MC, USN Program Director Emergency Medicine Residency Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Paul J. Kovalchik, MD, FACS Colorectal Surgeon Chesapeake, Virginia Michael Krentz, MD, MPH, FACEP Chairman, Emergency Medicine Department Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia David P. Kretzschmar, DDS, MS Chief, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2nd Medical Group Barksdale AFB, Louisiana Assistant Professor Department of Surgery Louisiana State University Medical Center New Orleans, Louisiana James L. Kretzschmar, DDS, MS, LTCOL, USAF OIC Flight Dental Clinic Holloman AFB, New Mexico Jeffery Kuhn, MD, CDR, MC, USNR Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Michael J. Lambert, MD, RDMS Fellowship Director, Emergency Ultrasound Resurrection Medical Center Chicago, Illinois President, Windy City Ultrasound, Inc. Darien, Illinois Douglas R. Landry, MD Staff Physician Bayside Hospital Virginia Beach, Virginia Patrick W. Lappert, MD, CAPT, MC, USN Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland Hillary J. Larkin, PA-C Director, Medical Sexual Assault Services Department of Emergency Medicine Alameda Sexual Assault Response Team Highland General Hospital Oakland, California Lorenz F. Lassen, MD, CAPT, MC, USN Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Eastern Virginia Medical School Service Line Leader Reparative Services Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Louis LaVopa, MD Staff Physician Emergency Medicine Department Naval Hospital Agana, Guam William Leninger, MD, LT, MC, USNR Resident Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Naval Medical Center San Diego, California Richard C. Levy, MD Professor Emeritus of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Anne W. Lucky, MD Volunteer Professor of Dermatology and Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Director, Dermatology Clinic Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio C. Bruce MacDonald, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Mark L. Madenwald, MD, LT, MC, USNR Chief Resident Emergency Medicine Department Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia William K. Mallon, MD, FACEP Associate Director of Residency Training Assistant Professor of Medicine University of Southern California School of Medicine Los Angeles, California Robin Marshall, MD Emergency Medicine Resident Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Massie Research Laboratories, Inc. Dublin, California Thomas F. Mauger, MD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Department of Ophthalmology William H. Havener Eye Center The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Timothy D. McGuirk, DO, FACEP, CAPT, MC, USN Department Head Emergency Medicine Hospital Okinawa, Japan Patrick H. McKenna, MD, FACS, FAAP Assistant Clinical Professor of Urology and Pediatrics University of Connecticut Health Center Hartford, Connecticut Aurora Mendez, RN Sexual Assault Response Team Coordinator Villavu Community Hospital San Diego, California James Mensching, DO Operational Medical Director Emergency Medical Department Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Sherman Minton, MD Professor Emeritus Department of Microbiology and Immunology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana John D. Mitchell, MD Program Director Ophthalmology Residency Washington National Eye Center Washington Hospital Center Washington, D.C. Margaret P. Mueller, MD Department of Emergency Medicine Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University Providence, Rhode Island David W. Munter, MD, FACEP, CAPT, MC, USN Director, Medical Services Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia George L. Murrell, MD, LCDR, MC, USN Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia Assistant Professor of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, Virginia Theodore J. Nielsen, RT, RDMS Vice President, Windy City Ultrasound, Inc. Darien, Illinois Daniel Noltkamper, MD Assistant Chairman Department of Emergency Medicine Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune, North Carolina James Nordlund, MD Professor of Dermatology Department of Dermatology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Michael J. Nowicki, MD, CDR, MC, USN Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Alan E. Oestreich, MD Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Chief, Section of Diagnostic Radiology Staff Radiologist Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Edward C. Oldfield, III, MD Professor of Medicine Director, Infectious Diseases Division Eastern Virginia School of Medicine Norfolk, Virginia Gerald O'Malley, DO, LCDR, MC, USNR Research Coordinator Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia James O'Malley, MD Providence Alaska Regional Medical Center Anchorage, Alaska Edward J. Otten, MD Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Director, Division of Toxicology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio James Palombaro, MD, LCDR, MC, USNR Attending Physician Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Naval Medical Center San Diego, California Lauri Paolinette, PA-C Sexual Assault Examiner Department of Emergency Medicine Alameda Sexual Assault Response Team Highland General Hospital Oakland, California David O. Parrish, MD St. Petersburg, Florida Dallas E. Peak, MD Attending Physician Department of Emergency Medicine Methodist Hospital of Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana Michael P. Poirier, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Eastern Virginia Medical School Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters Norfolk, Virginia Mark Ralston, MD, MPH, CAPT, MC, USNR Director Children's Emergency Unit Department of Emergency Medicine Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Michael Redman, PA-C Staff, Emergency Medicine Fort Leonard Wood Army Community Hospital Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri Sue Rist, FNP, CAPT, NC, USN (RET) Naval Training Center San Diego, California Michael Ritter, MD Laguna Beach, California Harold Rivera, HM1, USN Optician Department of Ophthalmology Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Gregory K. Robbins, MD MPH Instructor in Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Partners AIDS Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Roche Laboratories Nutley, New Jersey Donald L. Rucknagel, MD, PhD Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Richard M. Ruddy, MD, FAAP Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Director, Division of Emergency Medicine Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Warren K. Russell, MD, LCDR, MC, USNR Head, Emergency Medicine Department Naval Hospital Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico Sally Santen, MD Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee Katrina C. Santos, HM3, USN Ocular Technician Department of Ophthalmology Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Adam R. Saperston, MD, MS, CDR, MC, USN Attending Physician Emergency Medicine Residency Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Christopher R. Sartori, MD Chief, Outpatient Dermatology Wilford Hall Medical Center San Antonio, Texas Daniel L. Savitt, MD Attending Physician and Residency Director Department of Emergency Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Assistant Professor of Medicine Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Joseph C. Schmidt, MD Chief Resident Joint Military Medical Centers Emergency Medicine Residency Wilford Hall Medical Center San Antonio, Texas Robert Schnarrs, MD Staff Physician Department of Plastic Surgery Sentara Norfolk General Hospital Norfolk, Virginia Charles J. Schubert, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Attending Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Gary Schwartz, MD Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee Robert A. Shapiro, MD Medical Director, Mayerson Center for Safe and Healthy Children Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Virender K. Sharma, MD Fellow Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina Rees W. Sheppard, MD, FACS Assistant Director of Pediatric Ophthalmology Children's Hospital Medical Center Volunteer Associate Professor University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Paul R. Sierzenski, MD, RDMS, FAAEM Director of Emergency Medicine Ultrasound Department of Emergency Medicine Christiana Care Health System Newark, Delaware President, Emergency Ultrasound Consultants, LLC Bear, Delaware Kenneth Skahan, MD Assistant Professor Division of Infectious Diseases University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Timothy L. Smith, MD Assistant Professor Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee William S. Smock, MD Associate Professor and Director Clinical Forensic Medicine Fellowship Department of Emergency Medicine University of Louisville, School of Medicine Louisville, Kentucky SonoSite, Inc. Bothell, Washington D. J. Spalton FRCS, MRCP Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon Medical Eye Unit St. Thomas's Hospital London, United Kingdom Lawrence B. Stack, MD, FACEP Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee Walter Stamm, MD Professor of Medicine Head, Infectious Diseases Division Harborview Medical Center Seattle, Washington James F. Steiner, DDS Professor of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Pediatric Dentistry Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio Alan B. Storrow, MD, FACEP Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Director University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Richard Strait, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Selim Suner, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Surgery (Emergency Medicine) Brown University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Matthew D. Sztajnkrycer, MD Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Gary Tanner, MD, CDR, MC, USN Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia R. Jason Thurman, MD Emergency Medicine Resident University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio Robert Trieff, MD (Deceased) Emergency Medicine Resident Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Virginia Alexander T. Trott, MD Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio George Turiansky, MD Dermatology Service Walter Reed Army Medical Center Washington, D.C. Edwin D. Turner, MD, FACEP Attending Physician, Emergency Department Unity Hospital Fridley, Minnesota Janice E. Underwood, RDMS Advanced Health Education Center, Inc. Houston, Texas US Government Printing Office Washington, DC Lynn Utecht, MD Chairman Department of Dermatology Naval Hospital Rota, Spain Gerald Van Houdt, MD, CDR, MC, USN Resident Department of Emergency Medicine Naval Medical Center San Diego Cathleen M. Vossler, MD Resident Department of Emergency Medicine Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Arden H. Wander, MD Professor of Clinical Ophthalmology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Eric D. Williams, MD, CAPT, MC, USAF Staff Emergency Physician Eskan Clinic Elemendorf Air Force Base, Alaska Alex Wilson Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Windy City Ultrasound, Inc. Chicago, Illinois Richard E. Wyszynski, MD Department of Emergency Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio Scott W. Zackowski, MD Director, Medical Services Naval Hospital Naples, Italy Ken Zafren, MD, FACEP, FAAEM Providence Alaska Medical Center Anchorage, Alaska Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Emergency Medicine Stanford University Medical Center Stanford, California Medical Director, Denali National Park Mountaineering Rangers and Lake Clark National Park, Alaska Associate Medical Director (USA), Himalayan Rescue Association Richard Zienowicz, MD Attending Physician Division of Plastic Surgery Rhode Island Hospital Assistant Professor of Surgery Brown University Providence, Rhode Island